1/28/2024 0 Comments Isaac newton sr.Politically and personally tied to the Whig party, Newton served two brief terms as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge, in 1689–16–1702. Beyond his work on the mathematical sciences, Newton dedicated much of his time to the study of alchemy and biblical chronology, but most of his work in those areas remained unpublished until long after his death. Unusually for a member of the Cambridge faculty of the day, he refused to take holy orders in the Church of England. He was a devout but unorthodox Christian who privately rejected the doctrine of the Trinity. Newton was a fellow of Trinity College and the second Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge. He was indifferent to sports, music, art, theater, travel, although he knew how to draw well. Usually he was in a state of deep inner concentration, which is why he often showed absent-mindedness: for example, once, having invited guests, he went to the pantry for wine, but then some scientific idea dawned on him, he rushed to the office and never returned to the guests. In monetary calculations, he was accurate and thrifty, but not stingy. He almost never laughed or got annoyed, there is no mention of his jokes or other manifestations of a sense of humor. He never (according to other sources, almost never) used glasses, although he was a little short-sighted. He almost did not get sick, until old age he retained thick hair (already from the age of 40 he was completely gray) and all his teeth, except for one. Outwardly, Newton was short, strong build, with wavy hair. In addition to his work on calculus, as a mathematician Newton contributed to the study of power series, generalised the binomial theorem to non-integer exponents, developed a method for approximating the roots of a function, and classified most of the cubic plane curves. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling, made the first theoretical calculation of the speed of sound, and introduced the notion of a Newtonian fluid. His work on light was collected in his highly influential book Opticks, published in 1704. Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope and developed a sophisticated theory of colour based on the observation that a prism separates white light into the colours of the visible spectrum. Newton's inference that the Earth is an oblate spheroid was later confirmed by the geodetic measurements of Maupertuis, La Condamine, and others, convincing most European scientists of the superiority of Newtonian mechanics over earlier systems. He demonstrated that the motion of objects on Earth and celestial bodies could be accounted for by the same principles. Newton used his mathematical description of gravity to derive Kepler's laws of planetary motion, account for tides, the trajectories of comets, the precession of the equinoxes and other phenomena, eradicating doubt about the Solar System's heliocentricity. In the Principia, Newton formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation that formed the dominant scientific viewpoint until it was superseded by the theory of relativity. Newton’s Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, 1687) was one of the most important single works in the history of modern science. In mathematics, he was the original discoverer of the infinitesimal calculus. In mechanics, his three laws of motion, the basic principles of modern physics, resulted in the formulation of the law of universal gravitation. In optics, his discovery of the composition of white light integrated the phenomena of colours into the science of light and laid the foundation for modern physical optics. Isaac Newton, in full Sir Isaac Newton, (born Decem, Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England-died March 20, 1727, London), English physicist and mathematician, who was the culminating figure of the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |